Horizontal coke oven having plural adjustable opening in heating wall



United States Patent as. Cl. 202-139 -2 c ams ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In a coke oven, reversal of the heating gas is provided by providing, at each of two vertical levels in the heating trolled partial throttling of the upper and lower open.

wall, two symmetrically arranged connected openings that border on the oven wall, and that are capable of being closed or throttled by slidable biicksjThe slidable bricks are movable laterally .on shelves which .are essentially flush with the lower edge of the connected openings. 7

BACKGROUND or THE INVENTION,

The object of the invention is a horizontal by-product oven for the production of gas and coke, which is equipped with vertical twin heating flues. The goal of the present invention is a adjust variably and in a desired manner the heating of the oven walls in the vertical direction, particularly the temperature at the upper part of the oven chamber and in the free gas collecting space above the coal charge, i.e., to heat more or less intensely as desired.

Depending on the properties of the coal provided for the charge in the oven, it is possible approximately to specify the height of the heated oven wall to obtain a temperature in the gas collecting space that results in the most favorable composition of the hydrocarbons contained in the coke-oven gas, particularly the proportion of the valuable aromatic hydrocarbons, when the coke cake is completely coked. As soon as this oven is charged with another type of coal, which differs to a certain extent from the originally provided coal in respect to its shrinking properties, its moisture content, and its volatile matter, other temperatures also prevail in the gas collecting space. Thus, when a substantially shrinking coal is charged, the upper part of the heating wall would be heated too intensely, i.e., the temperature in the gas collecting space would be above the optimum value. This in turn would result not only in an undesired change of the composition of the coke-oven gas but also in formations of graphite and related operating disturbances. On the other hand, when a less shrinking coal is charged, the temperature in the gas collecting space would be too low and the coke cake would be incompletely coked.

Since a variation of the to-be-coked coal must be expected frequently, there has been no lack of suggestions for realization of a variable heating of the upper part of the heating wall. For example, it is known to provide a vertical flue above the connecting opening of a pair of heating lines in the ceiling of each heating flue and to connect these vertical flues of correlated heating fines with one another by a horizontal flue. The vertical flues can be opened or closed by sliding bricks. This construction makes it possible, when desired, to flow a part of the heating gases beyond the specific connecting opening through the heating fines, whereby the upper part of the heating wall undergoes an intense heating. The possibilities of regulating the heating are limited thereby, however, since a part of the heating gas that flows through the connecting opening cannot be directly influenced.

3,519,541 Patented July 7, 1970 heating of the heating Wall exactly to the particular coal charged. Thus, in case the coal shrinks slightly, or in case the temperature in the gas collecting space is too low, the lower connecting opening is closed and the upper one is left open so that the heated surface of the heating wall isenlarged towards the top. Vice versa, in'case the coal shrinks substantially, or the temperature in the gas collecting space is too high, the heating gases flow through the lower connecting opening, while the upper one is kept closed. Optional intermediate values can also be conings and any additional intermediately arranged connecting openings. Furthermore, it is also possible, correspondingly and differently, to adjust the distribution of heating gas in the individual heating flues to the particular requirements.

Finally, it is possible to vary the amount of gas or air for combustion that flows into the heating flue by operating the sliding bricks, i.e., by regulating the total cross section of the connecting openings of a pair of heating lines. It is possible in a simple manner to adjust the distribution of temperature on the length of the heating wall as desired. These adjustments of the slide valves can also take place from the top of the oven with short, handy rods, while the adjustments must be made in known ovens in the plane of the burners, with long rods which are rapidly heated to glowing. The last cited operation can be extremely difiicult in high ovens, which are becoming more and more important in recent times.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A preferred embodiment of the oven construction conforming to the invention consists in providing in each level, provided for reversal of heating gas, two symmetrically arranged connecting openings that adjoin and form a part of the heating wall, and are capable of being closed or throttled with sliding bricks. The sliding bricks are horizontally movably arranged on shelves which are essentially flush with the lower edge of the connecting openings.

For a further understanding of the invention and for advantages and features thereof, reference may be made to the following description in conjunction with the drawings which show, for the purposes of exemplification, a preferred embodiment of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a partial longitudinal section through a heating wall;

FIG. 2 illustrates a section along line IIII of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 illustrates a section along line III--III of FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The heating walls 1, between which the oven chambers 2 are arranged, consist in known manner of a number of heating flues 3 and 4. Each heating flue 3 and each heating flue 4 are connected with one another in pairs at the top by openings 5 and 6. In the present instance, two openings 5 and two openings 6 arranged therebelow are provided, both of which openings adjoin and form a part of heating wall 7. The vertical distance between openings 5 and 6 is selected according to the different properties of the types of coal used for the coking. For example, it is conceivable that a coal thatcontains 25% volatile matter and 8% moisture, and indicates awshrinkage of 300 mm is charged at one time into a 6-meter high oven; and a coal that contains 32% volatile matter and 2% moisture, and indicates practically no shrinkage, is charged at another time. In this case the vetrical distance between openings 5 and 6 would be about 300 mm.

A sliding brick 8 is provided for each connecting opening 5 and 6, respectively. This sliding brick is arranged on shelves 9, which are practically flush with the lower edge of the connecting openings. The sliding bricks can be moved horizontally on these shelves by rods 10, that are inserted through the top of the oven, as indicated in FIG. 1. In this figure, for example, the openings 5 are closed, and the openings 6 are left open in the left pair of heating fiues; while, the conditions are exactly reversed in the right pair of heating fiues.

The different possibilities of flowing heating gas are also illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. his particularly evident from FIG. 3, that a partial throttling of the connecting openings is possible by moving the sliding bricks 8 on the shelves 9.

What is claimed is:

1. In a horizontal coke oven battery, wherein gases and coke from coals of varying characteristics are produced, having heating walls between coking chambers and vertical heating flues wherein hot gases are generated in the heating walls, the improvement comprising:

(a) a first opening in the heating wall between an adjacent pair of vertical heating fiues, said first opening w adjacent the .toprof said coking chamber; t,

(b) a second opening in the heating wall between said adjacent pair of vertical heating fiues, said second opening being spaced apart vertically from and above said first opening; and

(c) av mmberj laterall'y slidable in eachof said first and said second openings whereby, when said members arep'ositionedto regulate the flow of said hot gases in said vertical heating fiues, uniform heating of said coal inthe upper portion "of said coking chambers 2. The invention of claim 1 wherein:

(a) said members are individually movable to regulate the flow of said hot gases through respective firstand second openings as uniform heating of the coal requires. v p

" References Cited I ,1 UNITED STATES PATENTS 958,154 5/1910 Mueller 202 -139 1,319,842 10/1919 Buhler 202144 1,678,803 7/1928 Varl Ackeren 20 2-141 WILBUR L. BASCOMB, JR., Primary Examiner D. EDWARDS, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 202-143 

